# Glossario dei contratti Source: https://contracko.com/it/glossario # Glossario dei contratti Definizioni chiare dei termini legali che incontra nei contratti quotidiani, con i corrispondenti olandesi e inglesi e il diritto che li sostiene. [Inizia la prova gratuita di 7 giorni](https://app.contracko.com/register?appLanguage=it) Prenota una demo Nessuna carta di credito richiesta ### Cerca nel glossario [A](#letter-A)[B](#letter-B)[C](#letter-C)[D](#letter-D)[E](#letter-E)[F](#letter-F)[G](#letter-G)[H](#letter-H)[I](#letter-I)[J](#letter-J)[K](#letter-K)[L](#letter-L)[M](#letter-M)[N](#letter-N)[O](#letter-O)[P](#letter-P)[R](#letter-R)[S](#letter-S)[T](#letter-T)[V](#letter-V)[W](#letter-W) ## Termini chiave ### [Clause](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/clausola) A distinct provision in a contract that sets out a specific right or obligation. ### [Breach of contract](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/inadempimento-contrattuale) A failure to perform any obligation under a contract without a lawful excuse. ### [Liability](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/responsabilita) Legal responsibility to compensate another party for loss caused by an act or omission. ### [Force majeure](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/forza-maggiore) An unforeseeable event beyond a party's control that excuses non-performance of a contract. ### [Termination](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/risoluzione) Bringing a contract to an end before or at its natural expiry, by right or agreement. ### [Intellectual property](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/proprieta-intellettuale) Legally protected creations of the mind such as patents, trademarks, and copyright. ### [GDPR](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/gdpr) The EU regulation governing how personal data of individuals must be processed and protected. ### [Good faith](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/buona-fede) The duty to act honestly and reasonably in forming and performing a contract. ### [General terms and conditions](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/condizioni-generali) Standardised pre-formulated clauses a party uses across many contracts, governed by strict Dutch rules. ### [Framework agreement](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/accordo-quadro) A master contract setting general terms under which future call-off orders are placed. ### [Letter of intent](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/lettera-di-intenti) A preliminary document recording parties' intent to negotiate or conclude a future agreement. ### [Payment terms](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/condizioni-di-pagamento) The contractual rules governing how, when and in what currency a debtor must pay an invoice. ### [Bank guarantee](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/garanzia-bancaria) An independent bank undertaking to pay a beneficiary on demand if the debtor fails to perform. ### [Retention of title](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/riserva-di-proprieta) A seller retains ownership of delivered goods until the buyer has paid in full. ### [Liability limitation](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/limitazione-di-responsabilita) A contract clause that caps or excludes the damages one party can recover from the other. ### [Tort (wrongful act)](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/responsabilita-extracontrattuale) A wrongful act causing harm that gives rise to liability outside of any contract. ### [Supply chain liability](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/responsabilita-nella-catena-di-fornitura) A principal's liability for wages and taxes that contractors and subcontractors fail to pay. ### [Bankruptcy](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/fallimento) A court-ordered liquidation procedure that seizes a debtor's assets for the benefit of creditors. ### [Conditions subsequent](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/condizioni-risolutive) A future uncertain event whose occurrence ends an obligation that was already in effect. ### [Change of control clause](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/clausola-di-cambio-di-controllo) A provision giving rights if ownership or control of a contracting party changes hands. ### [Mediation](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/mediazione) A voluntary process where a neutral mediator helps parties reach their own settlement of a dispute. ### [Exclusivity clause](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/clausola-di-esclusiva) A provision committing a party to deal only with the other for defined goods, services or territory. ### [Obligation of result](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/obbligazione-di-risultato) A duty to deliver a specific, agreed outcome, not merely to make a best effort. ### [Service credits](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/crediti-di-servizio) Pre-agreed financial credits a supplier owes the client when service levels are missed. ### [Tendering](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/gara-di-appalto) A structured competitive procedure in which suppliers bid for a contract under predefined rules and award criteria. ### [Procure-to-pay](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/procure-to-pay) The end-to-end process from requisitioning goods to paying the supplier invoice, often automated in one workflow. ### [Due diligence](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/due-diligence) Investigating a supplier or counterparty's financial, legal and operational standing before contracting. ### [Contract Management](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/gestione-dei-contratti) Structured oversight of agreements from drafting through execution, monitoring and termination. ### [Contract lifecycle](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/ciclo-di-vita-del-contratto) The full sequence of stages a contract passes through, from request to renewal or expiry. ### [Vendor lock-in](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/dipendenza-dal-fornitore) Dependence on a supplier that makes switching prohibitively costly, complex or risky. ### [Digital signature](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/firma-digitale) A cryptographically secured electronic signature that authenticates a signer and a document's integrity. A ### [Absenteeism insurance](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/assicurazione-assenteismo) Cover for an employer's wage-continuation costs during employee sickness absence. ### [Acceptance protocol](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/verbale-di-collaudo) A formal record by which the client accepts delivered work, often listing snags to be remedied. ### [Acceptance test](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/test-di-accettazione) A predefined test that delivered goods or software must pass before the client formally accepts them. ### [Addendum](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/addendum) A supplementary document that adds to or amends an existing contract without replacing it. ### [Anti-corruption clause](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/clausola-anticorruzione) A provision requiring the parties to comply with anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws. ### [Arbitration](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/arbitrato) Private dispute resolution by one or more arbitrators whose award binds the parties. ### [Assignment](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/cessione) Transferring contractual rights or obligations from one party to another. ### [Audit right](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/diritto-di-audit) A contractual right to inspect a counterparty's records or processes to verify compliance. ### [Authorised signatory](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/firmatario-autorizzato) A person with legal authority to bind an organisation by signing a contract on its behalf. ### [Auto-renewal](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/rinnovo-automatico) A clause extending a contract automatically unless a party opts out in time. B ### [Back-to-back contracting](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/contrattazione-back-to-back) Mirroring obligations from a head contract into a subcontract so terms flow through consistently down the chain. ### [Bailiff's writ](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/atto-di-ufficiale-giudiziario) An official document served by a bailiff, such as a summons or enforcement notice. ### [Bank guarantee](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/garanzia-bancaria) An independent bank undertaking to pay a beneficiary on demand if the debtor fails to perform. ### [Bankruptcy](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/fallimento) A court-ordered liquidation procedure that seizes a debtor's assets for the benefit of creditors. ### [Baseline assessment](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/misurazione-di-riferimento) An initial measurement of performance against which future results and improvements are judged. ### [Benchmarking clause](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/clausola-di-benchmarking) A clause allowing prices or service levels to be compared to the market and adjusted accordingly. ### [Blanket agreement](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/contratto-quadro) A long-term purchasing arrangement covering recurring orders at agreed terms over a period. ### [Boilerplate](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/clausole-standard) Standard, reusable contract clauses that appear in most agreements with little change. ### [Bonus-malus arrangement](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/sistema-bonus-malus) A mechanism rewarding performance above target and penalising performance below it. ### [Breach of contract](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/inadempimento-contrattuale) A failure to perform any obligation under a contract without a lawful excuse. ### [Buildings insurance](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/assicurazione-fabbricati) Cover for physical damage to a building from risks such as fire, storm and water. C ### [Chain clause (perpetual obligation)](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/clausola-a-catena) A clause obliging a party to impose the same obligation on any successor, passing it down a chain. ### [Change of control clause](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/clausola-di-cambio-di-controllo) A provision giving rights if ownership or control of a contracting party changes hands. ### [Change orders (variations)](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/ordini-di-variazione) Agreed additions to or reductions of contracted work, with corresponding price and time adjustments. ### [Clause](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/clausola) A distinct provision in a contract that sets out a specific right or obligation. ### [Collaboration agreement](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/accordo-di-collaborazione) A contract setting how two or more parties cooperate on a joint project or objective. ### [Commercial lease](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/locazione-commerciale) A lease of business premises, governed in the Netherlands by protective statutory regimes. ### [Compliance clause](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/clausola-di-conformita) A clause obliging parties to comply with applicable laws, standards and policies during the contract. ### [Condition precedent](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/condizione-sospensiva) A future uncertain event that must occur before a contractual obligation takes effect. ### [Conditions subsequent](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/condizioni-risolutive) A future uncertain event whose occurrence ends an obligation that was already in effect. ### [Confidential information](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/informazioni-riservate) Non-public information shared in confidence that the recipient must protect and not disclose. ### [Consequential damages](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/danni-indiretti) Indirect loss flowing on from a breach, such as lost profit, lost production or reputational harm. ### [Consideration](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/corrispettivo) In common law, the value each party gives that makes a contract binding. ### [Consignment stock](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/scorte-in-conto-deposito) Inventory held at the buyer's site but owned by the supplier until it is actually consumed or sold. ### [Consumer Price Index (CPI)](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/indice-dei-prezzi-al-consumo) A statistical measure of average price changes for consumer goods, often used to index contract prices. ### [Contract archiving](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/archiviazione-dei-contratti) Securely storing expired or signed contracts so they remain retrievable and legally admissible. ### [Contract automation](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/automazione-dei-contratti) Using software to generate, route, sign and monitor contracts with minimal manual effort. ### [Contract compliance](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/conformita-contrattuale) The degree to which parties actually perform the obligations and terms set out in a contract. ### [Contract lifecycle](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/ciclo-di-vita-del-contratto) The full sequence of stages a contract passes through, from request to renewal or expiry. ### [Contract Management](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/gestione-dei-contratti) Structured oversight of agreements from drafting through execution, monitoring and termination. ### [Contract portfolio management](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/gestione-del-portafoglio-contratti) Managing all contracts collectively to optimise value, risk and supplier mix across the organisation. ### [Contract register](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/registro-dei-contratti) A central, searchable record of all contracts with their key dates, parties and obligations. ### [Contract renewal](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/rinnovo-del-contratto) Continuation of an agreement beyond its initial term, by express agreement or automatic extension. ### [Contract risk management](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/gestione-dei-rischi-contrattuali) Identifying, assessing and mitigating the legal, financial and operational risks within contracts. ### [Contract transfer](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/trasferimento-del-contratto) Transferring an entire contractual relationship, with all rights and obligations, to a new party. ### [Contract value](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/valore-del-contratto) The total monetary value of a contract over its term, used for budgeting, thresholds and risk. ### [Cost-plus billing](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/fatturazione-a-consuntivo) Billing based on actual costs incurred plus an agreed margin, rather than a fixed price. ### [Counterparty](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/controparte) The other party to a contract from the perspective of the party referring to it. ### [Cyber insurance](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/assicurazione-cyber) Cover for losses from cyber incidents such as data breaches, hacking and ransomware. D ### [Data portability clause](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/clausola-di-portabilita-dei-dati) A provision ensuring data can be exported and transferred in a usable, structured format. ### [Data processing agreement (DPA)](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/accordo-sul-trattamento-dei-dati) A GDPR-required contract governing how a processor handles personal data for a controller. ### [Delivery terms](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/condizioni-di-consegna) The contractual conditions governing how, when and where goods or services are delivered. ### [Deposit agreement](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/contratto-di-deposito) A contract under which assets, funds or documents are held by a custodian under agreed conditions. ### [Digital signature](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/firma-digitale) A cryptographically secured electronic signature that authenticates a signer and a document's integrity. ### [Direct damages](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/danni-diretti) Loss that flows immediately and foreseeably from a breach, such as repair or replacement costs. ### [Direct debit discount](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/sconto-per-addebito-diretto) A small price reduction offered to customers who authorise payment by automatic direct debit. ### [Dispute resolution clause](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/clausola-di-risoluzione-delle-controversie) A provision setting out how, where and by whom contractual disputes will be resolved. ### [Due diligence](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/due-diligence) Investigating a supplier or counterparty's financial, legal and operational standing before contracting. ### [Duty of care](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/dovere-di-diligenza) The obligation to act with the prudence and diligence that may reasonably be expected. E ### [Early termination](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/risoluzione-anticipata) Ending a fixed-term contract before its agreed end date, typically only on grounds the contract allows. ### [Effective date](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/data-di-entrata-in-vigore) The date on which a contract becomes legally operative and the parties' obligations begin. ### [Escape clause](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/clausola-di-salvaguardia) A provision letting a party exit or suspend the contract if specified circumstances arise. ### [Escrow arrangement](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/deposito-a-garanzia) A neutral third party holds money, documents or source code, released on agreed conditions. ### [Exclusivity clause](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/clausola-di-esclusiva) A provision committing a party to deal only with the other for defined goods, services or territory. ### [Exit clause](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/clausola-di-uscita) A provision setting out the rights, duties and process when a contract ends or is wound down. ### [Exit plan](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/piano-di-uscita) A documented plan describing how services and assets transfer when a contract ends. ### [Exoneration clause](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/clausola-di-esonero) A clause that excludes or limits a party's liability for damage. ### [Extrajudicial collection costs](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/spese-di-recupero-crediti) The reasonable out-of-court costs of recovering an unpaid debt, recoverable from the debtor by law. F ### [Fixed price vs. cost-plus](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/prezzo-fisso-vs-a-consuntivo) The choice between a guaranteed fixed contract price and billing of actual costs plus a margin. ### [Force majeure](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/forza-maggiore) An unforeseeable event beyond a party's control that excuses non-performance of a contract. ### [Framework agreement](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/accordo-quadro) A master contract setting general terms under which future call-off orders are placed. G ### [GDPR](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/gdpr) The EU regulation governing how personal data of individuals must be processed and protected. ### [General terms and conditions](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/condizioni-generali) Standardised pre-formulated clauses a party uses across many contracts, governed by strict Dutch rules. ### [Ghost licences](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/licenze-fantasma) Software licences that are paid for but no longer used by anyone in the organisation. ### [Good faith](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/buona-fede) The duty to act honestly and reasonably in forming and performing a contract. ### [Governing law](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/legge-applicabile) The body of law a contract designates to interpret and enforce its terms. H ### [Hardship clause](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/clausola-di-eccessiva-onerosita) A clause allowing renegotiation when unforeseen events fundamentally upset the contract's balance. I ### [Incoterms](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/incoterms) Standardised ICC trade terms defining delivery, risk and cost allocation in international sales. ### [Indefinite-term contract](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/contratto-a-tempo-indeterminato) A contract with no fixed end date, continuing until validly terminated by a party. ### [Indemnity](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/indennizzo) A contractual promise to compensate another party for specified losses or third-party claims. ### [Intellectual property](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/proprieta-intellettuale) Legally protected creations of the mind such as patents, trademarks, and copyright. ### [Intellectual property clause](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/clausola-di-proprieta-intellettuale) A provision allocating ownership and use rights in intellectual property created or used under a contract. ### [ISO 9001](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/iso-9001) The international standard for quality-management systems, often required of contract suppliers. J ### [Jurisdiction](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/giurisdizione-competente) The court or location authorised to hear and decide disputes under a contract. K ### [Kickback / Rebate](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/commissione-occulta) A payment returned to a buyer or intermediary, legitimate as a rebate but illegal when concealed. L ### [Letter of intent](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/lettera-di-intenti) A preliminary document recording parties' intent to negotiate or conclude a future agreement. ### [Liability](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/responsabilita) Legal responsibility to compensate another party for loss caused by an act or omission. ### [Liability limitation](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/limitazione-di-responsabilita) A contract clause that caps or excludes the damages one party can recover from the other. ### [Licence agreement](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/contratto-di-licenza) A contract by which an owner permits another to use intellectual property under defined conditions. ### [License](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/licenza) Permission to use intellectual property under defined conditions without transferring ownership. ### [Liquidated damages](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/penale-contrattuale) A pre-agreed sum payable on breach, set in advance instead of proving actual loss. M ### [Maintenance contract](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/contratto-di-manutenzione) An agreement under which a provider maintains equipment, software or premises for a recurring fee. ### [Market conformity](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/conformita-al-mercato) Whether prices and terms align with prevailing market rates for comparable goods or services. ### [Material adverse change (MAC)](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/cambiamento-significativo-avverso) A significant negative event that lets a party walk away or renegotiate a deal. ### [Maverick buying](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/acquisti-non-autorizzati) Purchasing outside agreed contracts or procurement processes, undermining negotiated terms and spend control. ### [Mediation](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/mediazione) A voluntary process where a neutral mediator helps parties reach their own settlement of a dispute. ### [Minimum contract duration](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/durata-minima-del-contratto) The shortest period a contract must run before either party may terminate it. ### [Motor vehicle insurance](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/assicurazione-autoveicoli) Insurance for vehicles, ranging from compulsory third-party cover to fully comprehensive. ### [Motor vehicle liability insurance](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/assicurazione-responsabilita-veicoli) Mandatory insurance covering damage a motor vehicle causes to third parties. N ### [Negotiation strategy](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/strategia-di-negoziazione) A planned approach to bargaining covering objectives, leverage and tactics, to reach the best sustainable deal. ### [Non-compete](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/non-concorrenza) A clause restricting a party from competing with the other for a defined time and area. ### [Non-disclosure agreement (NDA)](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/accordo-di-riservatezza) A contract obliging parties to keep shared information secret and use it only as agreed. ### [Non-solicitation clause](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/clausola-di-non-sollecitazione) A provision barring a party from approaching the other's staff or clients for a set period. ### [Notice of default](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/messa-in-mora) A formal demand giving a defaulting party a final period to perform before falling into default. ### [Notice of defect](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/segnalazione-di-difetto) A buyer's timely complaint that delivered goods or services are non-conforming or defective. ### [Notice period](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/periodo-di-preavviso) The advance warning a party must give before ending or not renewing a contract. ### [Notification of defects clause](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/clausola-di-notifica-dei-difetti) A clause fixing how and within what period a buyer must report defects in performance. O ### [Obligation of result](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/obbligazione-di-risultato) A duty to deliver a specific, agreed outcome, not merely to make a best effort. ### [Open-book contracting](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/contrattazione-a-libro-aperto) A contract model where the supplier discloses its actual costs and margin, enabling transparent pricing. ### [Order of precedence](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/ordine-di-prevalenza) A clause ranking contract documents so a higher-ranked one prevails in case of conflict. P ### [Parent company guarantee](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/garanzia-della-societa-madre) A guarantee by a parent company for the contractual obligations of its subsidiary. ### [Payment default](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/inadempimento-di-pagamento) The state of being in default for failing to pay a due debt, triggering interest and remedies. ### [Payment terms](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/condizioni-di-pagamento) The contractual rules governing how, when and in what currency a debtor must pay an invoice. ### [Pledge](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/pegno) A security right over movable property or claims giving the holder priority on enforcement. ### [Price escalation](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/escalation-dei-prezzi) A contractual mechanism allowing the price to rise during the term based on defined cost drivers. ### [Price indexation clause](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/clausola-di-indicizzazione-del-prezzo) A clause that automatically adjusts the contract price to a published index such as the CPI. ### [Price revision](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/revisione-del-prezzo) A renegotiation or recalculation of the agreed price during the contract on defined grounds. ### [Pro forma notice](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/preavviso-pro-forma) A precautionary notice of termination served only to preserve a deadline, pending a final decision. ### [Procure-to-pay](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/procure-to-pay) The end-to-end process from requisitioning goods to paying the supplier invoice, often automated in one workflow. ### [Procurement audit](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/audit-degli-acquisti) An independent review of procurement processes, contracts and spend to test compliance, value and control. ### [Procurement policy](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/politica-degli-acquisti) The internal rulebook setting how an organisation buys: authority, thresholds, ethics and supplier requirements. ### [Procurement process optimization](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/ottimizzazione-del-processo-di-acquisto) Streamlining procurement workflows to cut cycle time, errors and cost while strengthening control and value. ### [Procurement strategy](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/strategia-degli-acquisti) The plan setting how procurement will deliver value, manage risk and support business goals across categories. ### [Procurement synergy](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/sinergia-degli-acquisti) Combined purchasing power from bundling demand across units or entities to secure better terms and prices. ### [Procurement threshold](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/soglia-di-acquisto) A spend value above which stricter procurement rules, such as multiple quotes or formal tendering, apply. ### [Professional indemnity insurance](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/assicurazione-responsabilita-professionale) Cover for financial loss caused to clients by professional errors, advice or negligence. ### [Profit leakage](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/perdita-di-margine) Erosion of contracted value through missed terms, overpayments, unused services or uncaptured savings. ### [Public/general liability insurance](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/assicurazione-responsabilita-civile) Cover for damage a business causes to third parties' persons or property during operations. ### [Purchase conditions](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/condizioni-di-acquisto) A buyer standard terms governing its purchases, often competing with the supplier sales terms. ### [Purchase obligation (minimum take)](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/obbligo-di-acquisto) A contractual commitment to buy a minimum quantity or value over a period, regardless of actual need. R ### [Renegotiation](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/rinegoziazione) Reopening an existing contract to adjust price or terms in light of changed circumstances or performance. ### [Renewal clause](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/clausola-di-rinnovo) A provision setting out how and when a contract is extended after its initial term ends. ### [Representation](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/dichiarazione) A statement of fact made to induce a party to enter into a contract. ### [Rescission](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/rescissione) Unwinding a contract so the parties are restored to their pre-contract position. ### [Retention of title](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/riserva-di-proprieta) A seller retains ownership of delivered goods until the buyer has paid in full. ### [Retroactive effect](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/effetto-retroattivo) A contractual provision applying as if it took effect on a date before it was actually agreed. ### [RFP / RFQ](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/richiesta-di-offerta) Formal documents inviting suppliers to propose solutions (RFP) or quote prices (RFQ) for a defined need. ### [Right of retention](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/diritto-di-ritenzione) A creditor right to withhold another property until a related claim is paid. ### [Right of suspension](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/diritto-di-sospensione) The right to withhold one's own performance until the other party performs its obligation. S ### [Seasonal contract](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/contratto-stagionale) A contract limited to recurring seasonal periods, with obligations active only during the season. ### [Service contract](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/contratto-di-servizio) A contract under which one party provides defined services to another for an agreed fee. ### [Service credits](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/crediti-di-servizio) Pre-agreed financial credits a supplier owes the client when service levels are missed. ### [Service level agreement (SLA)](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/accordo-sul-livello-di-servizio) A commitment defining measurable service performance levels and remedies for shortfalls. ### [Spend analysis](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/analisi-della-spesa) Systematic review of procurement spend by category, supplier and unit to find savings and consolidation opportunities. ### [Statutory interest](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/interessi-legali) The interest rate set by law that a debtor owes on a late payment when no rate is agreed. ### [Subcontractors](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/subappaltatori) Third parties a contractor engages to perform part of the work it owes under the main contract. ### [Supplier evaluation](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/valutazione-dei-fornitori) Assessing supplier performance against quality, delivery, price and compliance criteria to guide sourcing decisions. ### [Supplier non-compete clause](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/clausola-di-non-concorrenza-del-fornitore) A clause restricting a supplier from competing with or supplying competitors of the customer. ### [Supplier relationship management](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/gestione-dei-fornitori) The structured management of key supplier relationships to maximise value, performance and joint innovation. ### [Supplier segmentation](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/segmentazione-dei-fornitori) Grouping suppliers by value and risk so management effort and relationship type match their strategic importance. ### [Supply chain liability](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/responsabilita-nella-catena-di-fornitura) A principal's liability for wages and taxes that contractors and subcontractors fail to pay. ### [Surety / Personal guarantee](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/fideiussione) A guarantor accessory promise to perform a debtor obligation if the debtor fails to do so. ### [Suspension of payments](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/sospensione-dei-pagamenti) A temporary court-granted moratorium giving a struggling debtor breathing space to restructure. T ### [Tendering](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/gara-di-appalto) A structured competitive procedure in which suppliers bid for a contract under predefined rules and award criteria. ### [Term (duration)](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/durata) The period during which a contract is in force, from start date to expiry. ### [Termination](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/risoluzione) Bringing a contract to an end before or at its natural expiry, by right or agreement. ### [Three-way matching](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/verifica-a-tre-vie) A control that pays an invoice only if it matches the purchase order and the goods-receipt record. ### [Tort (wrongful act)](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/responsabilita-extracontrattuale) A wrongful act causing harm that gives rise to liability outside of any contract. ### [Total Cost of Ownership](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/costo-totale-di-proprieta) The full lifetime cost of a purchase, including acquisition, operation, maintenance and disposal. V ### [VCA (Safety, Health & Environment Checklist Contractors)](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/vca) A Dutch certification scheme for managing safety, health and environment in contracting work. ### [Vendor lock-in](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/dipendenza-dal-fornitore) Dependence on a supplier that makes switching prohibitively costly, complex or risky. ### [Version control](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/controllo-delle-versioni) Tracking successive drafts of a contract so the authoritative current version is always identifiable. ### [Volume discount](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/sconto-per-volume) A price reduction granted to a buyer who purchases larger quantities within an agreed period. W ### [Warranty](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/garanzia) A contractual assurance about a fact or quality, breach of which gives a damages claim. ### [Warranty period](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/periodo-di-garanzia) The fixed period during which a supplier must remedy defects in delivered goods or work. ### [Esplora la libreria delle clausole](https://contracko.com/it/biblioteca-di-clausole) Veda questi termini in azione all'interno di clausole contrattuali reali. ## Veda questi termini nei suoi contratti Carichi un contratto e Contracko estrae i termini chiave, le date e gli obblighi, poi la ricorda prima che ciascuno diventi rilevante. [Inizia la prova gratuita di 7 giorni](https://app.contracko.com/register?appLanguage=it) Prenota una demo