# Liquidated damages

Source: https://contracko.com/it/glossario/penale-contrattuale

# Liquidated damages

A pre-agreed sum payable on breach, set in advance instead of proving actual loss.

## Definizione

Liquidated damages are a sum the parties agree in advance will be payable if a specified breach occurs, sparing the need to prove actual loss. In Dutch law this is the boetebeding (penalty clause), recognised in articles 6:91 to 6:94, where the agreed amount can replace or supplement statutory damages. A court may, under article 6:94, moderate a penalty that is manifestly excessive in the circumstances.

## Esempio

> A construction contract sets €2,500 per day of late completion as liquidated damages; the client need not prove its exact losses to claim them.

## Perché rappresenta un rischio aziendale

An uncapped liquidated-damages clause can transform a performance failure into a catastrophic financial liability. Suppliers who sign contracts without checking whether penalties are proportionate to the contract value may find themselves facing claims that dwarf their fee. Customers who set the figure too low may find it is insufficient to cover actual losses and have waived the right to claim the difference.

## Come gestirlo

- Cap liquidated damages as a percentage of contract value (e.g. 10-20%) so they remain commercially proportionate.
- State whether liquidated damages are the sole remedy for the specified breach or whether the injured party can also claim actual loss above that figure.
- Set the daily or weekly rate with reference to the genuine pre-estimate of harm; a rate that is purely punitive may be reduced by a Dutch court.
- Track trigger events centrally so you know when a penalty clock has started and can act before it accumulates unduly.

### Come aiuta Contracko

Contracko extracts liquidated-damages clauses, their triggers, daily rates, and caps as searchable contract metadata. Obligation tracking can alert you when a milestone is at risk of being missed so you can take corrective action before a penalty clause is triggered.

## Riferimenti normativi

- [BW 6:91 Dutch Civil Code: penalty clause Diritto olandese](https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0005289)
- [BW 6:94 Dutch Civil Code: judicial moderation of penalty Diritto olandese](https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0005289)

Salvo diversa indicazione, i riferimenti riguardano il diritto olandese (Burgerlijk Wetboek, il Codice Civile olandese); gli strumenti UE come il GDPR si applicano in tutta l'UE. Si tratta di informazioni generali, non di consulenza legale. Altre giurisdizioni trattano questi concetti in modo diverso. Verifichi il testo vigente e la propria situazione con un avvocato qualificato.

## Rilevante per

[Costruzioni](https://contracko.com/it/settori/industria-costruzioni)[Logistica e distribuzione](https://contracko.com/it/settori/logistica)[Settore manifatturiero](https://contracko.com/it/settori/produzione)[Ingegneria e architettura](https://contracko.com/it/settori/ingegneria)

## Clausole correlate

- [Liquidated Damages Clause](https://contracko.com/it/biblioteca-di-clausole/penale-contrattuale)
- [Service Level Agreement (SLA)](https://contracko.com/it/biblioteca-di-clausole/accordo-sul-livello-di-servizio)
- [Termination for Cause Clause](https://contracko.com/it/biblioteca-di-clausole/risoluzione-per-inadempimento)

## Termini correlati

- [Breach of contract](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/inadempimento-contrattuale)
- [Liability](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/responsabilita)
- [Service level agreement (SLA)](https://contracko.com/it/glossario/accordo-sul-livello-di-servizio)

### Non perda mai più una scadenza contrattuale

- L'AI trova le date di rinnovo e preavviso
- Rischi e obblighi emergono automaticamente
- I promemoria La aiutano ad agire prima che le date sfuggano

Trascini un contratto per iniziare

PDF, DOCX, PNG o JPG

[Inizi la prova di 7 giorni](https://app.contracko.com/register?appLanguage=it&utm_source=glossary_sidebar&utm_medium=lead_magnet&utm_campaign=glossary_sidebar_contract_upload&content_slug=liquidated-damages&content_title=Liquidated+damages&cta_placement=glossary_sidebar_cta&source_tool=glossary_sidebar_liquidated-damages)

Conforme al GDPR. Cifrato. Mai usato per l'addestramento dell'AI.

## Domande frequenti

Domande comuni su questo termine.

- **Q:** Can a Dutch court reduce an agreed penalty?
  **A:** Yes. Under article 6:94 BW a court may moderate a penalty if fairness manifestly requires it, for example where it is grossly disproportionate to the actual harm.

- **Q:** Do you need to prove actual loss to claim liquidated damages?
  **A:** No. The whole point of a liquidated-damages clause is to fix the recoverable sum in advance, making proof of loss unnecessary. This is particularly valuable for hard-to-quantify losses such as delayed project completion.

- **Q:** Is there a difference between liquidated damages and a penalty under Dutch law?
  **A:** Dutch law uses boetebeding for both concepts under BW 6:91-94. A court may moderate a grossly excessive penalty under 6:94, whether it was intended as compensation or punishment.

- **Q:** Can liquidated damages accumulate without a cap?
  **A:** Yes, unless the contract sets a cap. Without one, daily penalties can accumulate indefinitely until the breach is cured or the contract is terminated. Always negotiate a cap to limit total exposure.

- **Q:** Are liquidated damages common in SaaS contracts?
  **A:** Less so than in construction. SaaS contracts more commonly use service credits for SLA misses, which serve a similar function but are typically self-executing and much smaller in scale than construction-style liquidated damages.

## Veda questi termini nei suoi contratti

Carichi un contratto e Contracko estrae i termini chiave, le date e gli obblighi, poi la ricorda prima che ciascuno diventi rilevante.

[Inizia la prova gratuita di 7 giorni](https://app.contracko.com/register?appLanguage=it)

Prenota una demo