What is the difference between being in arrears and being in default?

Being in arrears means the payment is overdue. Being in default (verzuim) is the legal state that triggers remedies like statutory interest and termination. Default may require a notice of default to activate, depending on the contract.

When does default arise automatically without a notice of default?

Under BW 6:83, default arises automatically when: a fixed deadline has passed; performance is permanently impossible; or the debtor has declared in advance that they will not perform. In these cases no notice is needed.

Can the creditor terminate the contract immediately on payment default?

Generally not immediately. Dissolution requires the debtor to be in default first, and the breach must be sufficiently serious to justify dissolution. A single missed payment may not suffice; the contract terms and circumstances determine whether dissolution is proportionate.

Does a partial payment cure a payment default?

Only if the creditor accepts it as full satisfaction. A partial payment does not automatically cure the default for the remaining amount; interest and collection costs continue to accrue on the outstanding balance.

Can a debtor avoid default by disputing the invoice?

A good-faith dispute about whether a debt is due can prevent default on the disputed amount. However, the dispute must be substantive and raised promptly; simply disputing to delay payment does not prevent default and may be treated as bad faith.

Payment default

The state of being in default for failing to pay a due debt, triggering interest and remedies.

Definición

Payment default arises when a debtor fails to pay a due monetary obligation and is in legal default (verzuim). Default may occur automatically once a fixed payment term lapses, or after a notice of default setting a final deadline. From the moment of default the creditor may claim statutory interest and, ultimately, collection costs and termination.

Ejemplo

Because the contract set a firm payment date, the buyer was automatically in default the day after that date passed without payment.

Por qué es un riesgo para la empresa

Payment default across a portfolio of contracts can erode cash flow significantly before any individual case is escalated. The longer default goes undetected, the harder it is to recover accrued interest and collection costs, and the weaker the evidence base becomes for any later claim. Persistent late payers who are not chased on time gain an informal credit extension at the creditor's expense.

Cómo gestionarlo

Track payment due dates for every contract in a single system so overdue invoices are flagged promptly.
Check whether the contract contains a fixed payment date (automatic default) or requires a notice of default before interest runs.
Send a notice of default promptly where required, setting a clear and reasonable cure deadline.
Document every step of the collection process in writing, as this record is essential if you later claim statutory interest, collection costs or termination.
Decide early whether the counterparty is unable or unwilling to pay, since the remedies and commercial response differ.

Referencias legales

Salvo indicación en contrario, las referencias remiten al derecho neerlandés (Burgerlijk Wetboek, el Código Civil neerlandés); los instrumentos de la UE como el RGPD se aplican en toda la UE. Se trata de información general, no de asesoramiento legal. Otras jurisdicciones tratan estos conceptos de forma distinta. Verifique el texto vigente y su situación con un abogado cualificado.

Preguntas frecuentes

Preguntas comunes sobre este término.