How is hardship different from force majeure?

Force majeure makes performance impossible and usually excuses or suspends it; hardship makes it merely far more onerous and triggers renegotiation.

Can a Dutch court adapt a contract for hardship without a clause?

Yes, under unforeseen circumstances (BW 6:258), but the bar is high; a contractual hardship clause gives more predictable relief.

Does performance continue during hardship renegotiations?

It should, and a well-drafted hardship clause says so explicitly. Suspension of performance during renegotiation would amount to self-help that Dutch law does not automatically permit.

What counts as an objective hardship trigger?

A measurable, verifiable threshold such as a cost increase above 15% or an index movement beyond a stated band. Vague formulations like "significant change in circumstances" invite disputes about whether the trigger is met.

Can hardship justify permanently ending the contract?

Only if renegotiation fails and the clause provides for termination as a fallback, or if a court invokes BW 6:258. Hardship alone, without a clear exit mechanism, does not entitle a party to walk away.

Hardship Clause

Allows the contract to be renegotiated when unforeseen events make performance excessively onerous.

O que é

A hardship clause addresses events that do not prevent performance (so force majeure does not apply) but radically change the economic balance, for example a steep cost surge. It obliges the parties to renegotiate the affected terms in good faith.

Porque é importante

Long contracts are exposed to shocks: energy spikes, currency swings, regulatory change. Without a hardship clause, the burdened party may have no relief short of the high threshold of unforeseen circumstances under BW 6:258.

Como aplicar

Define the trigger objectively, e.g. a cost change above a stated percentage.
Impose a duty to renegotiate in good faith within a set timeframe.
State what happens if renegotiation fails: referral to an expert, adaptation by a court, or termination.
Confirm performance continues during the renegotiation period.

Exemplo de redação

If an event beyond a party's control increases its cost of performance by more than fifteen percent (15%), the parties shall renegotiate the affected terms in good faith to restore the original economic balance.

Dicas de negociação

• Keep the trigger objective and measurable to avoid disputes over whether it applies.
• Decide in advance who decides if renegotiation deadlocks, to avoid stalemate.

Erros frequentes

• A bare "agree to renegotiate" with no fallback, which courts may treat as non-binding.
• Confusing hardship with force majeure, leaving cost shocks uncovered.

Referências jurídicas

Salvo indicação em contrário, as referências remetem para o direito neerlandês (Burgerlijk Wetboek, o Código Civil neerlandês); os instrumentos da UE, como o RGPD, aplicam-se em toda a UE. Esta é informação geral, não constitui aconselhamento jurídico. Outras jurisdições tratam estes conceitos de forma diferente. Verifique o texto em vigor e a sua situação com um advogado qualificado.

Perguntas frequentes

Questões comuns sobre esta cláusula.