Is rescission the same as ontbinding in Dutch law?

Not exactly. The English idea of rescission splits into vernietiging (for defective consent) and ontbinding (for serious breach); the right one depends on the cause.

What is the difference between vernietiging and ontbinding?

Vernietiging is for defective consent (error, fraud, duress) and treats the contract as if it never existed. Ontbinding is for serious breach and undoes future obligations, with restitution of what was already exchanged.

Is there a time limit for invoking rescission?

Yes. Under Dutch law the right to annul for error or fraud expires three years after the defect was discovered (BW 3:52). Dissolution for breach requires that the debtor first be in default unless performance is permanently impossible.

What happens to payments already made when a contract is rescinded?

Both parties must restore what they received. Payments already made are recoverable, and services rendered create an obligation to pay for the value received (ongedaanmakingsverbintenis).

Can an entire-agreement clause prevent a rescission claim?

It limits but does not eliminate the risk. Under Dutch law an entire-agreement clause may reduce reliance on pre-contractual statements, but a blatant misrepresentation or fraud can still support a claim for vernietiging.

Rescission

Unwinding a contract so the parties are restored to their pre-contract position.

Definição

Rescission cancels a contract and aims to restore the parties to the position they were in before it was made, reversing performances where possible. Under Dutch law it maps onto two distinct concepts: vernietiging, where consent was defective (for example fraud, error, or duress), and ontbinding, the unwinding remedy for serious breach under article 6:265. Both differ from ordinary termination, which only operates for the future.

Exemplo

A buyer who was misled about a machine's capacity may seek to annul (vernietigen) the sale on the ground of error.

Porque é um risco para a empresa

Rescission is a powerful but time-limited remedy. Companies that miss the window to invoke it, or that fail to preserve their right by continuing to perform after discovering the defect, may find themselves unable to unwind a bad deal. The retroactive effect also creates complex obligations to restore what has already been exchanged.

Como gerir

Act promptly on discovering a ground for rescission: delay can be construed as ratification of the defective contract.
Preserve evidence of the defect (misrepresentation, duress, error) and of when you discovered it.
Take legal advice before invoking rescission: a wrongful attempt to unwind a contract can itself constitute a breach.
Consider whether you actually want unwinding: if the contract has been partly performed, dissolution may be more disruptive than claiming damages.

Referências jurídicas

Salvo indicação em contrário, as referências remetem para o direito neerlandês (Burgerlijk Wetboek, o Código Civil neerlandês); os instrumentos da UE, como o RGPD, aplicam-se em toda a UE. Esta é informação geral, não constitui aconselhamento jurídico. Outras jurisdições tratam estes conceitos de forma diferente. Verifique o texto em vigor e a sua situação com um advogado qualificado.

Perguntas frequentes

Questões comuns sobre este termo.